201102-cs0005-map03-futures.vue#FFFFFF#404040#000000
SansSerif-plain-14
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ebfba04ec0a8017a001b9b0382204bf5#404040#000000
-plain-3
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ebfba04ec0a8017a001b9b03313be791<html>
<head style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
<style type="text/css">
<!--
body { margin-left: 0px; color: #000000; font-size: 13; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; font-family: Arial }
ol { list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 30; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 13; margin-top: 6; font-family: Arial }
p { margin-left: 0; color: #000000; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 0 }
ul { list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 30; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 13; margin-top: 6; font-family: Arial }
-->
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
CS0005 map 03: Futures
</p>
</body>
</html>
#404040#000000
DejaVu Sans Light-plain-72
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/6ec744e209411b8700c51ce4d3b818cf<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
<!--
body { margin-left: 0px; color: #000000; font-size: 12; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; font-family: Comic Sans MS }
ol { list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 30; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 12; margin-top: 6; font-family: Comic Sans MS }
p { margin-left: 0; color: #000000; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 0 }
ul { list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 30; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 12; margin-top: 6; font-family: Comic Sans MS }
-->
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>
</p>
</body>
</html>
#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/6ec744f209411b8700c51ce48b848a1d#404040#000000
SansSerif-plain-14
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff763585094c0cf40108294ef012317a<html>
<head style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
<style type="text/css">
<!--
body { margin-left: 0px; color: #000000; font-size: 12; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; font-family: Arial }
ol { list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 30; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 12; margin-top: 6; font-family: Arial }
p { margin-left: 0; color: #000000; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 0 }
ul { list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 30; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 12; margin-top: 6; font-family: Arial }
-->
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
Table 3.1 The Four Basic Orientations to Planning
</p>
</body>
</html>
#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff763585094c0cf40108294e3a465a43#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff763585094c0cf40108294e0bf320a2#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff763585094c0cf40108294e141aa1ce#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff763585094c0cf40108294e331f047e#FFFFFF#00000000#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff763585094c0cf40108294edc4c2269#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff763585094c0cf40108294ef03e5a91#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff763585094c0cf40108294e19ef809c#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff763585094c0cf40108294e13b3cfd5#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff763585094c0cf40108294edbf714fb#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff763585094c0cf40108294e107391ea#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff763585094c0cf40108294e16593d9b#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff763585094c0cf40108294ec3f9ebfb#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff763585094c0cf40108294efe1b24fa#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff763585094c0cf40108294e8faa2cc9#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff763585094c0cf40108294e48c95e3b#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff763594094c0cf40108294eba88edb5#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff763594094c0cf40108294e40a4019d#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff763594094c0cf40108294ec88d0660#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff763594094c0cf40108294ea0b17a23#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff763594094c0cf40108294ea9d7c6cd#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff763594094c0cf40108294e70a0addb#404040#000000
SansSerif-plain-14
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff763594094c0cf40108294e79e096e6<html>
<head style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
<style type="text/css">
<!--
body { margin-left: 0px; color: #000000; font-size: 12; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; font-family: Arial }
ol { list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 30; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 12; margin-top: 6; font-family: Arial }
p { margin-left: 0; color: #000000; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 0 }
ul { list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 30; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 12; margin-top: 6; font-family: Arial }
-->
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
Reactivists are satisfied eneither with thing as they are nor with way
they are going. [... They] seek to return to a previous state by <i>unmaking</i>
the relevant intervening changes. [p. 53]
</p>
</body>
</html>
#404040#000000
SansSerif-plain-14
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff763594094c0cf40108294e962d3c2e<html>
<head style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
<style type="text/css">
<!--
body { margin-left: 0px; color: #000000; font-size: 12; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; font-family: Arial }
ol { list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 30; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 12; margin-top: 6; font-family: Arial }
p { margin-left: 0; color: #000000; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 0 }
ul { list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 30; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 12; margin-top: 6; font-family: Arial }
-->
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
Inactivists are satisfied with things as they are. They are unwilling to
return to a previous state and they do not like the way things are
going. Therefore, they try to <i>prevent</i> change. [p. 56]
</p>
</body>
</html>
#404040#000000
SansSerif-plain-14
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff763594094c0cf40108294e6773dc71<html>
<head style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
<style type="text/css">
<!--
body { margin-left: 0px; color: #000000; font-size: 12; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; font-family: Arial }
ol { list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 30; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 12; margin-top: 6; font-family: Arial }
p { margin-left: 0; color: #000000; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 0 }
ul { list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 30; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 12; margin-top: 6; font-family: Arial }
-->
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
Preactivism is the dominant style of management in the United States
today ... They beleive the future will be better than either the present
or the past. Therefore, they seek to <i>accelerate</i> change and
exploit the opportunities it brings. [p. 56]
</p>
<p style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
</p>
<p style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
Planning in a preactive organization consists of predicting the future
and preparing for it. [....]
</p>
<p style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
</p>
<p style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
Of the two parts of planning, prediction and preparation, prediction is
the most important. .... Therefore, they put a great deal of effort into
improving forecasting. [p. 59]
</p>
</body>
</html>
#404040#000000
SansSerif-plain-14
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff763594094c0cf40108294ee61bfa63<html>
<head style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
<style type="text/css">
<!--
body { margin-left: 0px; color: #000000; font-size: 12; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; font-family: Arial }
ol { list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 30; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 12; margin-top: 6; font-family: Arial }
p { margin-left: 0; color: #000000; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 0 }
ul { list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 30; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 12; margin-top: 6; font-family: Arial }
-->
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
... interactivists deny an assumption ... that the future is largely out
of our control .... Interactivists ... maintain the future is largely
subject to creation. [p. 62]
</p>
</body>
</html>
#404040#404040
Arial-plain-11
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff763594094c0cf40108294e75b2304e323331#404040#404040
Arial-plain-11
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff763594094c0cf40108294e653b6caf324333#404040#404040
Arial-plain-11
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff763594094c0cf40108294e2ba0a153325334#404040#404040
Arial-plain-11
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff763594094c0cf40108294ec296cce3326#404040#000000
SansSerif-plain-14
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294e0b3e09ff<html>
<head style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
<style type="text/css">
<!--
body { margin-left: 0px; color: #000000; font-size: 12; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; font-family: Arial }
ol { list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 30; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 12; margin-top: 6; font-family: Arial }
p { margin-left: 0; color: #000000; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 0 }
ul { list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 30; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 12; margin-top: 6; font-family: Arial }
-->
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
Humans are more than ends-seeking animals; we are ideal-seeking.
Curiously, however, this characteristic of humans is ignored in all
approaches to planning other than the interactive.
</p>
<p style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
</p>
<p style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
There are three types of ends that people pursue:
</p>
<ol color="#000000">
<li>
Goals: those ends that we can expect to attain within the period
covered by planning.
</li>
<li>
Objectives: those ends that we do not expect to attain within the
period planned for but which we hope to attain later, and toward which
we believe progress is possible within the period planned for.
</li>
<li>
Ideals: those ends that are believed to be unattainable but towards
which we believe progress is possible during and after the period
planned for.
</li>
</ol>
<p style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
</p>
<p style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
Planning ought to involve explicitly all three types of ends, but it
seldom does. Which types are taken into account determine whether
planning is operational, tactical, strategic, or normative (see Table
3.2). [p. 63]
</p>
</body>
</html>
#404040#000000
SansSerif-plain-14
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294e2eea8285<html>
<head style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
<style type="text/css">
<!--
body { margin-left: 0px; color: #000000; font-size: 12; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; font-family: Arial }
ol { list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 30; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 12; margin-top: 6; font-family: Arial }
p { margin-left: 0; color: #000000; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 0 }
ul { list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 30; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 12; margin-top: 6; font-family: Arial }
-->
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
Table 3.2 Types of Planning and Planning Postures
</p>
</body>
</html>
#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294e525ba06d#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294e4122cf0e#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294e3c919a57#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294ea644d3bb#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294efe33d789#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294eb431d0fc#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294e86051068#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294ede61e780#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294eaf3d7055#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294e082fbc4f#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294ecada4a4e#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294e95c47470#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294e495531e3#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294ea68520e5#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294e419fff34#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294e907a2106#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294e17e70384#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294e47a345e2#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294e3a122ded#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294e39d3748b#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294eb2f68e11#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294ea6510a9d#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294e258a0f93#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294e33874169#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294e9c46ce79#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294e41ecba0d#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294e16017b6d#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294e910193f0#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294e89e2f316#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294ee0b514da#404040#000000
SansSerif-plain-14
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294e853023b3<html>
<head style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
<style type="text/css">
<!--
body { margin-left: 0px; color: #000000; font-size: 12; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; font-family: Arial }
ol { list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 30; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 12; margin-top: 6; font-family: Arial }
p { margin-left: 0; color: #000000; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 0 }
ul { list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 30; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 12; margin-top: 6; font-family: Arial }
-->
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
The ancient Greek philosophers identiifed four pursuits individually
necessary and collectively sufficient for the development of man: truth,
plenty, good and beauty. [p. 38]
</p>
</body>
</html>
#404040#000000
SansSerif-plain-14
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294e61ed7ae2<html>
<head style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
<style type="text/css">
<!--
body { margin-left: 0px; color: #000000; font-size: 12; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; font-family: Arial }
ol { list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 30; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 12; margin-top: 6; font-family: Arial }
p { margin-left: 0; color: #000000; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 0 }
ul { list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 30; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 12; margin-top: 6; font-family: Arial }
-->
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
1. The pursuit of <i>truth</i> is the <i>scientific</i> and <i>technological</i>
function of society.
</p>
</body>
</html>
#404040#000000
SansSerif-plain-14
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294e9068e8cf<html>
<head style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
<style type="text/css">
<!--
body { margin-left: 0px; color: #000000; font-size: 12; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; font-family: Arial }
ol { list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 30; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 12; margin-top: 6; font-family: Arial }
p { margin-left: 0; color: #000000; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 0 }
ul { list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 30; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 12; margin-top: 6; font-family: Arial }
-->
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
2. The pursuit of <i>plenty</i> is the <i>economic</i> function of
society.
</p>
</body>
</html>
#404040#000000
SansSerif-plain-14
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294ef59716d5<html>
<head style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
<style type="text/css">
<!--
body { margin-left: 0px; color: #000000; font-size: 12; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; font-family: Arial }
ol { list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 30; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 12; margin-top: 6; font-family: Arial }
p { margin-left: 0; color: #000000; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 0 }
ul { list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 30; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 12; margin-top: 6; font-family: Arial }
-->
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
3. The pursuit of the <i>good</i> is the <i>ethical-moral</i> function
of society.
</p>
</body>
</html>
#404040#000000
SansSerif-plain-14
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294e9ddb0ba7<html>
<head style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
<style type="text/css">
<!--
body { margin-left: 0px; color: #000000; font-size: 12; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; font-family: Arial }
ol { list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 30; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 12; margin-top: 6; font-family: Arial }
p { margin-left: 0; color: #000000; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 0 }
ul { list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 30; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 12; margin-top: 6; font-family: Arial }
-->
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
4. The pursuit of <i>beauty</i> is the <i>aesthetic</i> function of
society.
</p>
</body>
</html>
#404040#404040
Arial-plain-11
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294e8df63c6a378379#404040#404040
Arial-plain-11
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294e2d2c2d85378380#404040#404040
Arial-plain-11
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294e45bcb5ed378381#404040#404040
Arial-plain-11
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ff8a6afb094c0cf40108294e310f77a1378382#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ffdbcd64094c0cf40108294e42b4e97f#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ffdbcd64094c0cf40108294e7ab6af2b#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ffdbcd64094c0cf40108294e86c315bc#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ffdbcd64094c0cf40108294e106c9f4b#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ffdbcd64094c0cf40108294e82fdf50d#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ffdbcd64094c0cf40108294ecbbab504#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ffdbcd64094c0cf40108294e068ab451#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ffdbcd64094c0cf40108294e9d85266f#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ffdbcd64094c0cf40108294ef5b1d7fb#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ffdbcd64094c0cf40108294ed96bf0d8#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ffdbcd64094c0cf40108294e70d0624d#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ffdbcd64094c0cf40108294ece96a34d#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ffdbcd64094c0cf40108294e371c513b#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ffdbcd64094c0cf40108294e1096b3dc#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ffdbcd64094c0cf40108294e54d72ae9#404040#404040
Arial-plain-11
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ffdbcd64094c0cf40108294e3ab091b9389397#404040#404040
Arial-plain-11
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ffdbcd64094c0cf40108294e2903321f389398#404040#404040
Arial-plain-11
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ffdbcd64094c0cf40108294eab35be17389401#404040#404040
Arial-plain-11
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ffdbcd64094c0cf40108294efc87c578398399#404040#404040
Arial-plain-11
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ffdbcd64094c0cf40108294e6f0f3e01398400#404040#000000
SansSerif-plain-14
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ffdbcd64094c0cf40108294e801c7437<html>
<head style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
<style type="text/css">
<!--
body { margin-left: 0px; color: #000000; font-size: 11; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; font-family: Arial }
ol { list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 30; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 11; margin-top: 6; font-family: Arial }
p { margin-left: 0; color: #000000; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 0 }
ul { list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 30; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 11; margin-top: 6; font-family: Arial }
-->
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
In the 1960s, a projection was made that showed that if American
universities continued to turn out scientistis at the same increasing
rate as they had over the recent past, by the end of the century there
would be more scientists in the United States than people.  The
inevitable reduction in the growth of science programs could, therefore,
be seen.  Unfortunately, it was ignored by many universities whose
subsequent financial difficulties are attributable to this oversight. 
[p. 98]
</p>
</body>
</html>
#404040#404040
Arial-plain-11
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ffdbcd64094c0cf40108294e0db621b0401408#404040#000000
SansSerif-plain-14
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ffdbcd64094c0cf40108294ec3cd49a4<html>
<head style="color: #404040" color="#404040">
<style type="text/css">
<!--
body { margin-left: 0px; color: #404040; font-size: 11; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; font-family: Arial }
ol { list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 30; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 11; margin-top: 6; font-family: Arial }
p { margin-left: 0; color: #404040; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 0 }
ul { list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 30; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 11; margin-top: 6; font-family: Arial }
-->
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p style="color: #404040" color="#404040">
The selection of ideals ... takes place through an idealized design of a
system that does not exist, or an idealized redesign of one that does. 
Such a design or redesign is a conception of the system that that its
designers would like to have right now, not at some future date. 
Therefore, the environment in which the system would have to operate
need not be forecast; it is the currrent environment.  ....
</p>
<p style="color: #404040" color="#404040">
</p>
<p style="color: #404040" color="#404040">
There are three properties required of an idealized design of a system: 
it should be (1) technologically feasible, (2) operationally viable, and
(3) capable of rapid learning and adaptation. [p. 105]
</p>
</body>
</html>
#404040#404040
Arial-plain-11
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ffdbcd64094c0cf40108294e42db0f2e390410#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/0002c2f7094c0cf40108294ea017c7b0#404040#000000
SansSerif-plain-14
http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/0002c2f7094c0cf40108294e6f5c58f7#404040#000000
SansSerif-plain-14
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/04002eba094c0cf40108294e2dfec14f<html>
<head style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
<style type="text/css">
<!--
body { margin-left: 0px; color: #000000; font-size: 12; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; font-family: Arial }
ol { list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 30; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 12; margin-top: 6; font-family: Arial }
p { margin-left: 0; color: #000000; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 0 }
ul { list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 30; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 12; margin-top: 6; font-family: Arial }
-->
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
A design for action is fundamentally different from a plan of action.
Action plans, and their close relatives, procedures, are only as good as
the ability of the planners to identify in advance what contingencies
might arise. That’s why they never survive first contact with the enemy,
who ordinarily is not a willing contributor to the planning process.
</p>
<p style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
Designs for action, on the other hand, are system architectures that
specify capabilities and the interactions between them. There is no time
dimension in such a design. There are no activities in such a design.
There is only the specification of:
</p>
<ol color="#000000">
<li>
The outcome that the organisation is missioned to produce ...
</li>
<li>
The type of effects, or outcomes, that each design element (role) is
accountable for producing ...
</li>
<li>
Who is accountable for producing and who for receiving each category
of outcome,
</li>
<li>
What are the constraint/restraint boundaries governing the deployment
of the capabilities ...
</li>
</ol>
<p style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
A design for action is a role and accountability design that defines who
owes what to whom. In a stable environment, the roles can be dispatched
in advance. This results in a schedule or a process design. Because
things are sufficiently predicable, the premium is on efficient -- even
six sigma -- execution of the schedule. The design for action is
transformed into an plan of action by the people at the top of the
organisation.  [....] In this mindset, deviations from the plan are
considered defects.
</p>
<p style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
But when things are so unpredictable that you have to expect continuous
surprise, you want to sequence your capabilities as late as possible. To
the maximum extent possible, you want the local commanders to do it,
because they know more about what they need in the moment. For this to
result in coherent behaviour at the organisational level, these
commanders must be in constant touch with one another, share information
about what is happening, and operate with internally consistent rules of
engagement. They can then exploit the increased tempo enabled by an
ability to locally dispatch and synchronise ... combat elements. The
[enemy] army had much slower sense-and-respond cycles, and were
consequently back on their heels from the start of the war.
</p>
<p style="color: #000000" color="#000000">
The question for business managers and strategic planners is: does the
company face traditional enemies who fight in relatively predictable
ways, in which case they can rely on a century of good theory and
practice on how to plan, make and sell better? Or does it face what the
military calls ‘asymmetric’ threats and opportunities in an
unpredictable environment of rapid change? The nature of businesses in
an information economy suggests that leaders need to move beyond
planning contingency actions. To do so they must become adept at
applying the principles of adaptive systems designs that leverage the
combinatorial mathematics of modular systems. This exponentially
increases the number of possible responses that can be configured to
deal with ... ‘expected surprises’.  [pp 186-187]
</p>
</body>
</html>
#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/04142a83094c0cf40108294ea13663a9#404040#000000
SansSerif-plain-14
http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/04142a83094c0cf40108294ed3461421#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/04142a83094c0cf40108294eb24b5b5d#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/041b8004094c0cf40108294e27965937#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/041b8004094c0cf40108294e24fe8033#FFFFFF#776D6D#000000
Arial-plain-12
http://vue.tufts.edu/vue.rdfs#none1http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/041b8004094c0cf40108294ea89923d7http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ebfba04ec0a8017a001b9b03540fcd230.75#202020#B3CC33CC#000000
SansSerif-plain-14
http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ebfba04ec0a8017a001b9b035f494ca1#000000#404040#000000
SansSerif-plain-14
http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ebfba06dc0a8017a001b9b0356950968#404040#FFFFFF
Gill Sans-plain-36
http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ebfba06dc0a8017a001b9b036e7de6da#404040#FFFFFF
Gill Sans-plain-22
http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ebfba06dc0a8017a001b9b038a73a4f6#404040#B3BFE3
Gill Sans-plain-18
http://vue.tufts.edu/rdf/resource/ebfba06dc0a8017a001b9b032cb4863f2010-01-015E:\Work\Coevolving\aalto\201102-cs0005E:\Work\Coevolving\aalto\201102-cs0005\201102-cs0005-map03-futures.vue