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Rethinking work, with the pandemic disruption | IJOTB (2025)

Two years after submitting an academic manuscript and responding to double-blind reviews, “Rethinking work, with the pandemic disruption” has now been published in the International Journal of Organization Theory and Behavior (IJOTB) as earlycite. The article has a DOI (Document Object Identifier), and should be streamed with an official volume and issue number soon.

The article is available as open access. To complement the structured abstract required by the jounrnal, here’s an outline of the sections.

  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Post-pandemic labour movements set a scene for metatheoretical development
  • 2.1 In 2021, increased job-to-job mobility was labelled as the Great Resignation
  • 2.2 In 2022, workplace disengagement has been labelled as quiet quitting
  • 2.3 Beyond earning money, theories of work are focused primarily on job satisfaction
  • 2.4 Pandemic disruptions cumulatively encouraged reflecting on theories of life, and of work
  • 3. World hypotheses is metatheory preceding 1960s systems theories
    • 3.1 Four world hypotheses were proposed by Pepper, each with a root metaphor
    • 3.2 A schema for hypotheses arranges ways for evidence to be recognized and interpreted
    • 3.3 Socio-technical is part-whole organicism; socio-ecological is whole-whole contextualism
    • 3.4 (Con)textural dyadic thinking modifies contextualism with yin qi + yang qi
  • 4. A (con)textural-dyadic world hypothesis gains adequacy to become a theory
    • 4.1 Slowing in rhythmic pacing might entail late spring or permanent climate change
    • 4.2 Dyadic imbalance might entail recuperation from acute injury, or chronic illness
    • 4.3 Delayed transformative reifying might entail stunted or delayed life transitions
    • 4.4 (Con)textural-dyadicism joins the four historic world hypothesis as theory-building
  • 5.
  • Read more (in a new tab)

    Two years after submitting an academic manuscript and responding to double-blind reviews, “Rethinking work, with the pandemic disruption” has now been published in the International Journal of Organization Theory and Behavior (IJOTB) as earlycite. The article has a DOI (Document Object Identifier), and should be streamed with an official volume and issue number soon.

    The article is available as open access. To complement the structured abstract required by the jounrnal, here’s an outline of the sections.

    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Post-pandemic labour movements set a scene for metatheoretical development
    • 2.1 In 2021, increased job-to-job mobility was labelled as the Great Resignation
    • 2.2 In 2022, workplace disengagement has been labelled as quiet quitting
    • 2.3 Beyond earning money, theories of work are focused primarily on job satisfaction
    • 2.4 Pandemic disruptions cumulatively encouraged reflecting on theories of life, and of work
  • 3. World hypotheses is metatheory preceding 1960s systems theories
    • 3.1 Four world hypotheses were proposed by Pepper, each with a root metaphor
    • 3.2 A schema for hypotheses arranges ways for evidence to be recognized and interpreted
    • 3.3 Socio-technical is part-whole organicism; socio-ecological is whole-whole contextualism
    • 3.4 (Con)textural dyadic thinking modifies contextualism with yin qi + yang qi
  • 4. A (con)textural-dyadic world hypothesis gains adequacy to become a theory
    • 4.1 Slowing in rhythmic pacing might entail late spring or permanent climate change
    • 4.2 Dyadic imbalance might entail recuperation from acute injury, or chronic illness
    • 4.3 Delayed transformative reifying might entail stunted or delayed life transitions
    • 4.4 (Con)textural-dyadicism joins the four historic world hypothesis as theory-building
  • 5.
  • Read more (in a new tab)

    Systems Theory, Systems Philosophy, Systems Methodology via Bela H. Banathy (1985)

    The International Society for General Systems Research formed circa 1956 became the International Society for the Systems Sciences in 1988.  In 1985, Bela H. Banathy organized the annual meeting on the theme of “Systems Inquiring”.  Proceedings normally are published in the year following.  In 1987, John A. Dillon summarized Banathy’s perspective in the yearbook, General Systems.  For easy reading, here’s an excerpt from the yearbook.

    — begin excerpt —

    EDITORIAL PREFACE

    Systems Inquiring

    One of the few perquisites which come to the President of the International Society for General Systems Research is that he or she can determine the theme of the Annual Conference. In 1985, President Bela Banathy selected the topic, Systems Inquiring as the focal point of the Conference.

    Because his Introduction to that conference represents an excellent, concise description of the whole field of systems science, we shall begin this volume by quoting it here.

    “Systems Inquiring involves both conclusion oriented disciplined inquiry or knowledge production and decision oriented disciplined inquiry, which makes use of knowledge produced by systems research and by the various disciplines. Systems Inquiring draws upon the three domains of systems scholarship: systems theory, systems philosophy, and systems methodology.

    The program of the 1985 Annual Meeting of the Society embraces the entire scope of Systems Inquiry, by which:
    SYSTEMS PHILOSOPHY is explicated and evolved,
    SYSTEMS THEORY is defined and formulated through its continuous evolution, and
    SYSTEMS METHODOLOGY is pursued as a field of study as well as implemented in a variety of contexts and through a variety of strategies and methods.… Read more (in a new tab)

    The International Society for General Systems Research formed circa 1956 became the International Society for the Systems Sciences in 1988.  In 1985, Bela H. Banathy organized the annual meeting on the theme of “Systems Inquiring”.  Proceedings normally are published in the year following.  In 1987, John A. Dillon summarized Banathy’s perspective in the yearbook, General Systems.  For easy reading, here’s an excerpt from the yearbook.

    — begin excerpt —

    EDITORIAL PREFACE

    Systems Inquiring

    One of the few perquisites which come to the President of the International Society for General Systems Research is that he or she can determine the theme of the Annual Conference. In 1985, President Bela Banathy selected the topic, Systems Inquiring as the focal point of the Conference.

    Because his Introduction to that conference represents an excellent, concise description of the whole field of systems science, we shall begin this volume by quoting it here.

    “Systems Inquiring involves both conclusion oriented disciplined inquiry or knowledge production and decision oriented disciplined inquiry, which makes use of knowledge produced by systems research and by the various disciplines. Systems Inquiring draws upon the three domains of systems scholarship: systems theory, systems philosophy, and systems methodology.

    The program of the 1985 Annual Meeting of the Society embraces the entire scope of Systems Inquiry, by which:
    SYSTEMS PHILOSOPHY is explicated and evolved,
    SYSTEMS THEORY is defined and formulated through its continuous evolution, and
    SYSTEMS METHODOLOGY is pursued as a field of study as well as implemented in a variety of contexts and through a variety of strategies and methods.… Read more (in a new tab)

    Resequencing Systems Thinking | U. Hull Centre for Systems Studies | 2024-05-13

    On my May trip through the UK, I accepted an offer to lead an Expert-Led Session at the University of Hull.  I had previously been a Research Fellow of the Centre for Systems Studies, but haven’t travelled to the Hull for some years.  As we worked out the arrangements, I found out that the seminar wasn’t just an hour lecture, but a complete afternoon.

    The Systems Changes Learning Circle is now in year 6 of an espoused 10-year journey.  The target audience of graduate students and faculty, with the luxury of time for lecturing and discussing, allowed for an extended exposition of our learning on systems changes.  The ouline covered:

    • A. Initiating
    • B. Philosophizing
    • C. Theorizing
    • D. Practising
    • E. Continuing

    This series of 4 recordings is available as a playlist on Youtube.  We started off mostly with reviewing slides, and then had progressed to more interactive discussion later in the day.  With the audio recordings, the presentation slides (including movies) were resynchronized as post-production.

    This presentation segments are downloadable from this website, as well as from the Internet Archive .

    Video May 13, 2024 — H.264 MP4
    Part 1
    (58m02s)
    [20240513_1231_UHull_Ing ResequencingSystemsThinking_Part1of4_1203kpbs.m4v]
    (HD 1203kbps 573MB)
    [on the Internet Archive]
    • 00:00 Welcome by Amanda Gregory
    • 03:15 A. Initiating
    • 09:35 B. Philosophizing
    • 10:52 B1. ↓ Metaphilosophy; ↑ Postcolonial Constructionist
    • 29:53 B2. ↓ Behavioral Structuralist; ↑ Ecological Processualist
    • 38:08 B3. ↓ Progress → Ideals; ↑ (Con)textualism-Dyadicism
    • 56:23 B4. Exercise: ↓ Structure then process; ↑ Process then structure
    Part 2
    (27m58s)
    [20240513_1350_UHull_Ing ResequencingSystemsThinking_Part2of4_0968kbps.m4v
    Read more (in a new tab)

    On my May trip through the UK, I accepted an offer to lead an Expert-Led Session at the University of Hull.  I had previously been a Research Fellow of the Centre for Systems Studies, but haven’t travelled to the Hull for some years.  As we worked out the arrangements, I found out that the seminar wasn’t just an hour lecture, but a complete afternoon.

    The Systems Changes Learning Circle is now in year 6 of an espoused 10-year journey.  The target audience of graduate students and faculty, with the luxury of time for lecturing and discussing, allowed for an extended exposition of our learning on systems changes.  The ouline covered:

    • A. Initiating
    • B. Philosophizing
    • C. Theorizing
    • D. Practising
    • E. Continuing

    This series of 4 recordings is available as a playlist on Youtube.  We started off mostly with reviewing slides, and then had progressed to more interactive discussion later in the day.  With the audio recordings, the presentation slides (including movies) were resynchronized as post-production.

    This presentation segments are downloadable from this website, as well as from the Internet Archive .

    Video May 13, 2024 — H.264 MP4
    Part 1
    (58m02s)
    [20240513_1231_UHull_Ing ResequencingSystemsThinking_Part1of4_1203kpbs.m4v]
    (HD 1203kbps 573MB)
    [on the Internet Archive]
    • 00:00 Welcome by Amanda Gregory
    • 03:15 A. Initiating
    • 09:35 B. Philosophizing
    • 10:52 B1. ↓ Metaphilosophy; ↑ Postcolonial Constructionist
    • 29:53 B2. ↓ Behavioral Structuralist; ↑ Ecological Processualist
    • 38:08 B3. ↓ Progress → Ideals; ↑ (Con)textualism-Dyadicism
    • 56:23 B4. Exercise: ↓ Structure then process; ↑ Process then structure
    Part 2
    (27m58s)
    [20240513_1350_UHull_Ing ResequencingSystemsThinking_Part2of4_0968kbps.m4v
    Read more (in a new tab)

    Yinyang and Daojia into Systems Thinking through Changes | EQ Lab Dialogic Drinks | 2024-05-02/03

    Reading a theorist who espouses the dao (tao) in their systems work?  Here’s a challenge:  is the writer referring to daojia, or daojiao?

    • Daojiao 道教 is religious daoism, gaining legitimacy only with the Tang dynasty (712-758 CE), after many centuries with the religion of Confucianism as dominant.
    • Classical Chinese philosophy is hard to interpret even by Chinese literati, because standardized writing didn’t occur until the Qin dynasty, circa 221 BCE.
    • Daojia 道家 is philosophical daoism, associated with the DaoDeJing (translated as the “Classic of the Way, and the Classical of Virtue”, also known as the Laozi, dating back to 300-400 BCE.
    • During the Eastern Zhou dynasty (771-256 BCE), there were six philosophical lineages, including the Yinyang School.
      • According to Sima Tan, the six philosophical lineages were (i) Yinyang; (ii) Confucian; (iii) Mohist; (iv) Legalist; (v) Schoolf of Names; and (vi) Daoist

    Yinyang and daojia are considerably older than daojiao.  The Systems Changes Learning Circle is most interested in philosophy of science, with a concrete application in Classical Chinese Medicine (CCM).  Yinyang is foundational in CCM, and religion doesn’t enter into the science of medicine, unless the inquirer wants to delve into the question of “what is nature”?

    After the EQ Lab session of Dialogic Drinks, in April on “From Unfreezing-Refreezing, to Systems Changes Learning“, I challenged myself to see if I could create an presentation on Chinese philosophy of science that might be understandable to those of us trained in the Western sciences. … Read more (in a new tab)

    Reading a theorist who espouses the dao (tao) in their systems work?  Here’s a challenge:  is the writer referring to daojia, or daojiao?

    • Daojiao 道教 is religious daoism, gaining legitimacy only with the Tang dynasty (712-758 CE), after many centuries with the religion of Confucianism as dominant.
    • Classical Chinese philosophy is hard to interpret even by Chinese literati, because standardized writing didn’t occur until the Qin dynasty, circa 221 BCE.
    • Daojia 道家 is philosophical daoism, associated with the DaoDeJing (translated as the “Classic of the Way, and the Classical of Virtue”, also known as the Laozi, dating back to 300-400 BCE.
    • During the Eastern Zhou dynasty (771-256 BCE), there were six philosophical lineages, including the Yinyang School.
      • According to Sima Tan, the six philosophical lineages were (i) Yinyang; (ii) Confucian; (iii) Mohist; (iv) Legalist; (v) Schoolf of Names; and (vi) Daoist

    Yinyang and daojia are considerably older than daojiao.  The Systems Changes Learning Circle is most interested in philosophy of science, with a concrete application in Classical Chinese Medicine (CCM).  Yinyang is foundational in CCM, and religion doesn’t enter into the science of medicine, unless the inquirer wants to delve into the question of “what is nature”?

    After the EQ Lab session of Dialogic Drinks, in April on “From Unfreezing-Refreezing, to Systems Changes Learning“, I challenged myself to see if I could create an presentation on Chinese philosophy of science that might be understandable to those of us trained in the Western sciences. … Read more (in a new tab)

    Reframing Systems Thinking for Systems Changes: Sciencing and Philosophizing from Pragmatism towards Processes as Rhythms | JISSS

    An article on “sciencing and philosophizing”, coauthored by Gary S. Metcalf and myself, has been published in the Journal of the International Society for the Systems Sciences, following the ISSS 2023 Kruger Park conference in South Africa, last July.  There’s a version cacned on  the Coevolving Commons.

    This article started in a series of conversations with Gary in early 2023, as he was listening to the history of Pragrmatism as an audiobook of The Metaphysical Club: A Story of Ideas by Louis Menand, written in 2002.  Key figures in the development of this philosophy includes William James (1842—1910) and Charles Sanders Peirce (1839—1914).  My interests have taken me backwards in time, with C. West Churchman and Russell Ackoff both students of Edgar A. Singer, Jr., who was a student of William James.  A thread looking into Stephen C. Pepper, also a student of William James and Ralph Barton Perry, was encouraged by online comments from Michael C. Jackson, OBE.  This led to a tracing of philosophical influences from the 1890s to 2000.

    Institutional lineages of key figures in systems sciences and pragmatism

    With my current research into Classical Chinese philosophy, I was encouraged by an 1993 interview citing Churchman having a similar interest for in exploring alternatives to classical Western philosophy for sciencing on systems.

    In conversations with Churchman on the historical sources of systems thinking, he often identified the Chinese I Ching as the oldest systems approach. As an effort to model dynamic processes of changing relationships between different kinds of elements, the I Ching might be seen as a systemic approach, in contrast with the more systematic approach of rationalist Western thought, rooted in the work of Plato and Aristotle.

    Read more (in a new tab)

    An article on “sciencing and philosophizing”, coauthored by Gary S. Metcalf and myself, has been published in the Journal of the International Society for the Systems Sciences, following the ISSS 2023 Kruger Park conference in South Africa, last July.  There’s a version cacned on  the Coevolving Commons.

    This article started in a series of conversations with Gary in early 2023, as he was listening to the history of Pragrmatism as an audiobook of The Metaphysical Club: A Story of Ideas by Louis Menand, written in 2002.  Key figures in the development of this philosophy includes William James (1842—1910) and Charles Sanders Peirce (1839—1914).  My interests have taken me backwards in time, with C. West Churchman and Russell Ackoff both students of Edgar A. Singer, Jr., who was a student of William James.  A thread looking into Stephen C. Pepper, also a student of William James and Ralph Barton Perry, was encouraged by online comments from Michael C. Jackson, OBE.  This led to a tracing of philosophical influences from the 1890s to 2000.

    Institutional lineages of key figures in systems sciences and pragmatism

    With my current research into Classical Chinese philosophy, I was encouraged by an 1993 interview citing Churchman having a similar interest for in exploring alternatives to classical Western philosophy for sciencing on systems.

    In conversations with Churchman on the historical sources of systems thinking, he often identified the Chinese I Ching as the oldest systems approach. As an effort to model dynamic processes of changing relationships between different kinds of elements, the I Ching might be seen as a systemic approach, in contrast with the more systematic approach of rationalist Western thought, rooted in the work of Plato and Aristotle.

    Read more (in a new tab)

    The Sweep-In Process of Systems Science (Churchman)

    It the systems sciences are an open system, then learning more and more about systems of interest are foundational.  This was called a sweep-in process by C. West Churchman, in the heritage of Edgar A. Singer. Jr.  A concise definition is found in the entry on “Experimentalism” in the International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics:

    EXPERIMENTALISM

    A methodology of inquiry that assumes the indissoluble interconnection between facts and scientific laws.

    Experimentalism has been proposed by E.A. SINGER Jr. and developed by C.W. CHURCHMAN and R.L. ACKOFF. [….]

    According to C.W. CHURCHMAN, the “original question becomes more and more complicated, not simpler and simpler. This learning “more and more” is what, following SINGER, I call the “sweep-in process” of systems science” (1981, p.1-2).

    • CHURCHMAN, C. West.  “An Appreciation of E.A. Singer Jr: the first Singer lecture”. Soc. Syst. Science. Dpt, Univ. Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1981.

    There’s a more detailed exposition on sweeping-in from the last chapter in the 1982 book, Thought and Wisdom.  This hard-to-find source is fortunately available on the Internet Archive.  An excerpt is provided here, for convenience.


    CHAPTER 10: AN APPRECIATION OF EDGAR ARTHUR SINGER, JR.

    * Given 12 September 1981 as the First Edgar Arthur Singer, Jr., Lecture of the Busch Center at Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania. This paper was completed in April 1982.

    I have selected the title of this chapter rather carefully. An appreciation of someone’s lifetime work is not just an evaluation; it is also a process of adding to and adjusting the results of that lifetime of creation of ideas and a system of philosophy.… Read more (in a new tab)

    It the systems sciences are an open system, then learning more and more about systems of interest are foundational.  This was called a sweep-in process by C. West Churchman, in the heritage of Edgar A. Singer. Jr.  A concise definition is found in the entry on “Experimentalism” in the International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics:

    EXPERIMENTALISM

    A methodology of inquiry that assumes the indissoluble interconnection between facts and scientific laws.

    Experimentalism has been proposed by E.A. SINGER Jr. and developed by C.W. CHURCHMAN and R.L. ACKOFF. [….]

    According to C.W. CHURCHMAN, the “original question becomes more and more complicated, not simpler and simpler. This learning “more and more” is what, following SINGER, I call the “sweep-in process” of systems science” (1981, p.1-2).

    • CHURCHMAN, C. West.  “An Appreciation of E.A. Singer Jr: the first Singer lecture”. Soc. Syst. Science. Dpt, Univ. Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1981.

    There’s a more detailed exposition on sweeping-in from the last chapter in the 1982 book, Thought and Wisdom.  This hard-to-find source is fortunately available on the Internet Archive.  An excerpt is provided here, for convenience.


    CHAPTER 10: AN APPRECIATION OF EDGAR ARTHUR SINGER, JR.

    * Given 12 September 1981 as the First Edgar Arthur Singer, Jr., Lecture of the Busch Center at Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania. This paper was completed in April 1982.

    I have selected the title of this chapter rather carefully. An appreciation of someone’s lifetime work is not just an evaluation; it is also a process of adding to and adjusting the results of that lifetime of creation of ideas and a system of philosophy.… Read more (in a new tab)

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    • Feb 27, 2025, 04:08 February 27, 2025
      Peer reviewed article on "Rethinking work, with the pandemic disruption: Metatheorizing with world hypotheses and systems changes” with #SusuNousala published in International Journal of Organization Theory & Behavior, after 2 years in revisions, #RyanArmstrong editor https://coevolving.com/blogs/index.php/archive/rethinking-work-with-the-pandemic-disruption/
    • Feb 19, 2025, 12:53 February 19, 2025
      Thinking about #SystemsThinking contribution for March 15, towards October in Toronto.> The intent-to-submit period for papers closes on March 15, 2025. This is a two-stage process: no new submissions will be accepted after March 15, and final submissions are due by 23:59 GMT on April 30. https://rsdsymposium.org/call-for-systemic-design-contributions/
    • Feb 19, 2025, 01:45 February 19, 2025
      Audio recordings + 2 GenAI summaries of Evolving Styles for Learning Systems Thinking at #SystemsThinking Ontario @ocad with #StephenDavies @daviding@daviding.com , moderated by #ZaidKhan https://coevolving.com/blogs/index.php/archive/evolving-styles-for-learning-systems-thinking/
    • Feb 16, 2025, 14:10 February 16, 2025
      Types of use of Gen AI cites poster session by IBM Research. > We describe current LLM usages across three categories: creation, information, and advice.Michelle Brachman, Amina El-Ashry, Casey Dugan, and Werner Geyer.2024. How Knowledge Workers Use and Want to Use LLMs in an EnterpriseContext. In Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors […]
    • Feb 16, 2025, 13:36 February 16, 2025
      Maybe Gen AI is better for those who trust it the least. > Specifically, higher confidence in GenAI is associated with less critical thinking, while higher self-confidence is associated with more critical thinking. Qualitatively, GenAI shifts the nature of critical thinking toward information verification, response integration, and task stewardship. Our insights reveal new design challenges […]
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    • Installing WordPress Studio on Manjaro Linux
      In 2024, WordPress Studio was released, making installation on a local computer simpler. The instructions were modified from MacOS to Ubuntu Linux, by Daniel Kossmann, “How to install WordPress Studio in Ubuntu Linux” | Jun 15, 2024 at https://www.danielkossmann.com/how-to-install-wordpress-studio-ubuntu-linux/ I already had NVM installed, but in Terminal, with the result “command not found”. In the […]
    • Notion of Change in the Yijing | JeeLoo Lin 2017
      The appreciation of change is different in Western philosophy than in classical Chinese philosophy. JeeLoo Lin published a concise contrast on differences. Let me parse the Introduction to the journal article, that is so clearly written. The Chinese theory of time is built into a language that is tenseless. The Yijing (Book of Changes) there […]
    • World Hypotheses (Stephen C. Pepper) as a pluralist philosophy [Rescher, 1994]
      In trying to place the World Hypotheses work of Stephen C. Pepper (with multiple root metaphors), Nicholas Rescher provides a helpful positioning. — begin paste — Philosophical perspectivism maintains that substantive philosophical positions can be maintained only from a “perspective” of some sort. But what sort? Clearly different sorts of perspectives can be conceived of, […]
    • The Nature and Application of the Daodejing | Ames and Hall (2003)
      Ames and Hall (2003) provide some tips for those studyng the DaoDeJing.
    • Diachronic, diachrony
      Finding proper words to express system(s) change(s) can be a challenge. One alternative could be diachrony. The Oxford English dictionary provides two definitions for diachronic, the first one most generally related to time. (The second is linguistic method) diachronic ADJECTIVE Oxford English Dictionary, s.v. “diachronic (adj.), sense 1,” July 2023, https://doi.org/10.1093/OED/3691792233. For completeness, prochronic relates “to […]
    • Introduction, “Systems Thinking: Selected Readings, volume 2”, edited by F. E. Emery (1981)
      The selection of readings in the “Introduction” to Systems Thinking: Selected Readings, volume 2, Penguin (1981), edited by Fred E. Emery, reflects a turn from 1969 when a general systems theory was more fully entertained, towards an urgency towards changes in the world that were present in 1981. Systems thinking was again emphasized in contrast […]
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      David L. Hawk (American management theorist, architect, and systems scientist) has been hosting a weekly television show broadcast on Bold Brave Tv from the New York area on Wednesdays 6pm ET, remotely from his home in Iowa. Live, callers can join…Read more ›
    • 2021/06/17 Keekok Lee | Philosophy of Chinese Medicine 2
      Following the first day lecture on Philosophy of Chinese Medicine 1 for the Global University for Sustainability, Keekok Lee continued on a second day on some topics: * Anatomy as structure; physiology as function (and process); * Process ontology, and thing ontology; * Qi ju as qi-in-concentrating mode, and qi san as qi-in-dissipsating mode; and […]
    • 2021/06/16 Keekok Lee | Philosophy of Chinese Medicine 1
      The philosophy of science underlying Classical Chinese Medicine, in this lecture by Keekok Lee, provides insights into ways in which systems change may be approached, in a process ontology in contrast to the thing ontology underlying Western BioMedicine. Read more ›
    • 2021/02/02 To Understand This Era, You Need to Think in Systems | Zeynep Tufekci with Ezra Klein | New York Times
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    • 2019/04/09 Art as a discipline of inquiry | Tim Ingold (web video)
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